Spatial Statistics With Geographic Information Systems
Dr. David UnwinAim of Course:
Spatial analysis uses methods adapted from conventional analysis to address problems in which spatial location is the most important explanatory variable. This course, which is directed particularly to students with backgrounds in either computing or statistics but who lack a background in the necessary geospatial concepts, will explain and give examples of the analysis that can be conducted in a geographic information system such as ArcGIS or Mapinfo. The motivation is simple: it is one thing to run a GIS, but quite another to use it analytically to help answer questions such as:- Is there an unusual cluster of crimes/cases of a disease here that we need to worry about?
- Do these data show variation across the country that I need to know about?
- What is the air temperature here most likely to be?
In the course we will explore methods that enable answers to be given to these, and similar, questions involving spatial variation.
Who Should Take This Course:
Analysts and researchers who need to know more about automated machine learning methods for generating association and decision rules: data miners, consultants, ecommerce analysts, market researchers, direct marketers, diagnosticians, more.For those enrolled in a Program of Advanced Statistical Studies, this is a required or elective course in the following Programs:
- Biostatistics (epidemiology) - elective
- Statistics for Environmental Science - elective
- Engineering Statistics - elective
Course Program:
The course is structured as follows- The roles of statistics in GIS
- Why statistical analysis with spatial data is difficult
- Some basic spatial concepts
- Types of spatial data: 'objects' and 'fields'
- Geometric manipulations in a GIS
- Introduction to visualization & mapping
Exercises: Scale and representation, representing the distance variable, and looking at some map examples using WWW
SESSION 2: Dots on the map
- The 'dot' map and 'hot spots'
- Kernel density estimation
- Maps as realisations of a spatial process
- First and second order effects
- Measures Based on Density
- Methods Based on Distances
- CSR: The Poisson Approximation and Its Derivation
- Testing point patterns
- Processes that Generate Point Patterns and Dependence in Space
- Some practical issues
Exercises: analysing a point pattern using CRIMESTAT, MCQ test.
SESSION 3: Analysing 'lattice' data
- Why we have to handle area data
- The modifiable areal unit problem
- The ecological fallacy
- Scale and pattern
- Spatial autocorrelation
- Joins count
- Moran's I
- Geary's C
- LISA statistics: I, G and G*
- Regression with spatial data
- Geographically weighted regression
- Modeling spatial patterns
Exercises: Simple exercise to demonstrate autocorrelation,; using GeoDa to draw choropleth maps and compute autocorrelation statistics.
SESSION 4: Analysing continuous field data
- Fields and their properties
- Threading 'iso-lines' through data
- Automated approaches:
- Mathematical (splines and multi-quadrics)
- Inverse distance weighting
- Regression in spatial co-ordinates: trend surfaces
- Geostatistical interpolation
- The semi-variogram
- Models of spatial variation
- Using the model to isolines the field: kriging
- Variations on a theme
- Round up: towards the future?
Exercises: Isoling by hand, then by machine; using E(Z)-kriging to illustrate geostatistical approaches,; trend surfaces using Excel and visualizing fields in your own software (as appropriate).
The Instructor:
Dr. David Unwin , until his retirement in 2002, was Professor of Geography at Birkbeck College, University of London, where he retains an Emeritus Chair in the subject. He is also a Visiting Professor in the Department of Geomatic Engineering at University College, also in the University of London. His work using and developing spatial statistics in research stretches back some 40 years, and he has authored over a hundred academic papers in the field, together with a series of texts, of which the most recent are his Geographic Information Analysis' (with D O'Sullivan, 2003) and a series of edited collections at the interface between geography and computer science on Visualization in GIS (Hearnshaw and Unwin, 1994), Spatial Analytical Perspectives on GIS (Fischer, Scholten and Unwin, 1996) Virtual Reality in Geography (Fisher and Unwin, 2002) and, most recently representation issues in Re-presenting GIS (Fisher and Unwin, 2005). Having developed the world's first wholly internet-delivered Master's program in GIS in 1998, David Unwin has considerable experience of teaching and tutoring online.Organization of the Course:
The course takes place over the internet, at statistics.com. During each course week, you participate at times of your own choosing - there are no set times when you must be online. Course participants will be given access to a private discussion board. In class discussions led by the instructor, you can post questions, seek clarification, and interact with your fellow students and the instructor. The course is scheduled to take place over 4 weeks, and typically requires 15 hours per week. At the beginning of each week, you receive the relevant material, in addition to answers to exercises from the previous session. During the week, you are expected to go over the course materials and work through exercises. Discussion among participants is encouraged. The instructor will provide answers and comments.Certificates and Grades:
You may be interested only in learning the material presented, and not be concerned with grades or certificates. Or you may be enrolled in a statistics.com Program in Advanced Statistical Studies that requires demonstration of proficiency in the subject, in which case your work will be assessed for purposes of issuing a grade. Or you may require only a "Certificate of Course Completion," along with professional development credit in the form of Continuing Education Units (CEU's). As you begin the class, you will be asked to specify your category.Credit:
This course offers continuing education units (CEU's). For those successfully completing the course (generally this means marks of 50% or better on the homework), 5.0 CEU's and a certificate will be issued by statistics.com, upon request.Dates:
May. 14 - Jun. 11, 2010May. 14 - Jun. 11, 2010
Dec. 17, 2010 - Jan. 21, 2011
Click here to be notified of future course offerings.
Participants gain access to the online materials on the first day of the course, and typically spend about 15 hours per week (at their convenience). You retain full access to course materials, including discussion board, for two weeks after the course closing date.
Level:
IntermediatePrerequisite:
To gain maximum value from the course, you will have had some previous experience of basic statistical analysis to the level of correlation and regression, as well as familiarity with standard matrix/vector notation and operations. See also software requirements below.Course Text:
The material to be provided consists of readings from the instructor's own co-authored text which is an essential purchase: O'Sullivan, D. and Unwin,D. J. (2002) Geographic Information Analysis (John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Hoboken, NY). here. NOTE: We suggest you wait until January 20, 2010 and check back here before purchasing. A new edition is in the works and should be available by then. Wiley typically offers statistics.com customers up to 15% discount on this book (and all other statistics titles): enter code aff15 in the Promotion Code field when prompted during checkout and click the Apply Discount button. (If you are located in Asia, the web procedure for your location may not accept this discount -- try calling your regional Wiley representative.)Software:
Participants in the course should have access to and familiarity with basic Excel functions. Access to a full GIS, such as ArcGIS isn't absolutely essential. Two public domain GIS programs will be used for illustrations. GeoDa and CRIMESTAT are two free-ware systems for spatial statistical analysis. For information on obtaining Crimestat and GeoDa, click here. Participants who have access to commercial GIS programs may gain insight into the use of these programs from the course, but the course does not require them, nor does it provide training in how to use them. You might also consider use of the R environment.Registration:
Register Online - $469Register Online (academic) - $369 (you must be affiliated with a college, university or high school)
Add $50 service fee if you require a prior invoice, or if you need to submit a purchase order or voucher, pay by wire transfer or EFT, or refund and reprocess a prior payment. Please use this printed registration form, for these and other special orders.
Note: Courses may fill up at any time and registrations are processed in the order in which they are received. Your registration will be confirmed for the first available course date, unless you specify otherwise.
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