Strip transect:
A strip transect is a small subsection of a geographically-defined study area, typically chosen randomly. For example, Manly (Introduction to Ecological Sampling, CRC) discusses using randomly selected strips 3 meters wide and 20 meters long which are carefully examined and the number of deer pellets is counted. The area being studied is large enough to accommodate over 5000 transects. To make the study cost effective, only a small number are selected for careful study. The statistical challenge is to make that selection on a random basis so that inference to the much larger area is valid.