Density Functions:
A probability density function or curve is a non-negative function 
( 
) that describes the distribution of a continuous random variable 
. If is known, then the probability 
that a value of the variable is within an interval 
is described by the following integral
 |
For very small intervals 
, where 
is a small value, the relation is simpler:
 |
The reason for using probability density instead of probability itself is the following: Continuous variables, in contrast to discrete random variables cannot be described by the probability of particular values of because there are infinitely many possible values and they are not countable. This makes the probability of any particular value equal to zero. For example, the probability that the body weight of an individual is exactly 
kilogram is practically zero, but the probability that body weight is within the interval 
kg is a measurable quantity.
Note that the probability density function is the curve itself, and the probability is the area under the curve.
See also: joint probability density , marginal density , and short course Basic Concepts in Probability and Statistics.